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Battle of Sarhu
The Battle of Sarhū (薩爾滸之戰, ''Sà'ěrhǔ zhī zhàn'') refers to the series of conflicts between the Manchus of the Later Jin (later known as the Qing dynasty) and Ming dynasty of China in the winter of year 1619, which ended in the overwhelming victory for the Manchus.
The Manchu cavalry defeated forces equipped with matchlocks and cannons, so the Battle of Sarhū is sometimes compared to the Battle of Nagashino in Japanese history.
== Background ==
Nurhaci unified all the Jurchen tribes except the Yehe and took a hostile attitude towards the Ming. In 1618, he proclaimed Seven Grievances (''nadan amba koro'' 七大恨) against Ming government to Heaven and declared war on the Ming forces. He occupied Fushun (撫順), Qinghe (清河) and other cities, and then pulled out. The death of Ming Vice-General (副總兵/副將) Zhang Chengyin (張承蔭) stunned the Ming court. In 1619, he attacked Yehe (葉赫) in an attempt to provoke the Mings.
The Ming Dynasty eventually decided to dispatch massive expeditionary forces, led by Military Commissioner Yang Hao (楊鎬). The Mings planned to besiege Hetu Ala, Nurhaci's home, from four routes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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